<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2024-68-5-404-412</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-1216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EARTH SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ретроспективная оценка выбросов диоксида серы и оксидов азота в атмосферный воздух от стационарных источников на территории Беларуси</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Retrospective assessment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from stationary sources in Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Какарека</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kakareka</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Какарека Сергей Витальевич – д-р техн. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией.</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Kakareka – D. Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Head of the Laboratory. Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>10, F. Skorina Str., 220076, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sk001@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круковская</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krukowskaya</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Круковская Ольга Юрьевна – канд. геогр. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник.</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220114, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Krukowskaya – Ph. D. (Geography), Senior Researcher, Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.</p><p>10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o-krukowskaya@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт природопользования Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>404</fpage><lpage>412</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Какарека С.В., Круковская О.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Какарека С.В., Круковская О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kakareka S.V., Krukowskaya O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1216">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1216</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработаны алгоритмы решения задачи получения полных рядов данных, характеризующих интенсивность выбросов загрязняющих веществ от источников в разрезе секторов экономики, за период с 1950 по 2020 г. Впервые получены научно обоснованные оценки выбросов в Беларуси диоксида серы и оксидов азота от основных стационарных источников выбросов за этот период. Установлено, что валовые выбросы диоксида серы непрерывно возрастали в период с 1950 по 1980 г. и увеличились за этот период почти в 39 раз (с 22,3 до 862,4 тыс. т), что обусловлено ростом сжигания каменного угля и мазута и развитием нефтепереработки. Затем отмечался десятилетний период умеренного сокращения выбросов в среднем на 2,9 % в год. С 1991 г. начался период быстрого сокращения выбросов (в среднем на 19,4 % в год) до уровня 80,7 тыс. т в 2000 г. В последующий период выбросы характеризовались в основном медленным сокращением до среднего уровня 45–55 тыс. т/год. Выбросы оксидов азота отмечались быстрым ростом в первые три десятилетия рассматриваемого периода (с 13,5 тыс. т в 1950 г. до 134,5 тыс. т в 1979 г.), что связано с общим ростом потребления топлива. В 1980-е годы отмечен медленный спад до 112,2 тыс. т в 1991 г., сменившийся более интенсивным сокращением в последующие годы. В 2000 г. наблюдался наиболее низкий начиная с середины 1960-х годов уровень выбросов – 53,1 тыс. т. В последующий период происходили в основном колебания уровней выбросов оксидов азота. Показано, что полученные оценки выбросов диоксида серы и оксидов азота существенно более точные, чем имеющиеся оценки исторических выбросов в рамках Комплексной системы данных о выбросах (CEDS).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Algorithms for extrapolating series of statistical data and filling data gaps have been developed. For the first time scientifically valid estimates of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from major stationary emission sources in Belarus have been obtained for the period from 1950 to 2020. Scientifically valid estimates of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from major stationary sources over this period in Belarus were obtained for the first time. It was found that sulfur dioxide emissions continuously increased from 1950 to 1980 and grew almost 39 times during this period (from 22.3 to 862.4 thousand tons) attributed to increased combustion of coal, fuel oil and oil refining development. Subsequently, there was a decade of moderate emission reduction on average by 2.9 % per year. Started in 1991, there was a period of a rapid emission reduction (on average by 19.4 % per year) until reaching 80.7 thousand tons in 2000. In the subsequent period, emissions were mainly characterized by a slow decrease to an average level of 45–55 thousand tons per year. Nitrogen oxide emissions showed a rapid growth in the first three decades of the analyzed period (from 13.5 thousand tons in 1950 to 134.5 thousand tons in 1979), which is connected with an overall increase in fuel consumption. In the 1980s, there was a slow decrease up to 112.2 thousand tons in 1991, followed by more intensive reductions in the following years. In 2000, the lowest level of nitrogen oxide emissions since the mid-1960s was observed – 53.1 thousand tons. Subsequent periods were mainly marked by fluctuations in nitrogen oxide emission levels. The obtained results are significantly more accurate than the existing estimates of historical emissions within the Comprehensive Emissions Data System (CEDS).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>выбросы</kwd><kwd>ретроспективная оценка</kwd><kwd>диоксид серы</kwd><kwd>диоксид азота</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emissions</kwd><kwd>retrospective assessment</kwd><kwd>sulfur dioxide</kwd><kwd>nitrogen oxides</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках задания Подпрограммы 1 «Природные ресурсы и их рациональное использование» ГПНИ «Природные ресурсы и окружающая среда» на 2021–2025 гг. (№ госрегистрации 20192480).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has been performed within the Task of the Subprogram 1 “Natural resources and their rational use” of the State Program of Scientific Investigations “Natural Resources and Environment” for 2021–2025 (State registration No. 20192480).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Emissions Database / EMEP Centre on Emissions Inventory and Projections [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.ceip.at/webdab-emission-database/reported-emissiondata. – Date of access: 14.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Emissions Database / EMEP Centre on Emissions Inventory and Projections. Available at: https://www.ceip.at/webdab-emission-database/reported-emissiondata (accessed 14 March 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application / J. Lamarque [at el.] // Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. – 2010. – Vol. 10, N 15. – P. 7017–7039. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamarque J.-F., Bond T. C., Eyring V., Granier C., Heil A., Klimont Z., Lee D., Liousse C., Mieville A., Owen B., Schultz M. G., Shindell D., Smith S. J., Stehfest E., Aardenne J. A., Cooper O. R., Kainuma M., Mahowald N., McConnell J. R., Naik V., Riahi K., van Vuuren D. P. Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2010, vol. 10, no. 15, pp. 7017–7039. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A 1°×1° resolution data set of historical anthropogenic trace gas emissions for the period 1890–1990 / J. A. van Aardenne [et al.] // Global Biogeochemical Cycles. – 2001. – Vol. 15, N 4. – P. 909– 928. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gb001265</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Aardenne J. A., Dentener F. J., Olivier J. G. J., Goldewijk C. G. M. K., Lelieveld J. A 1°×1° resolution data set of historical anthropogenic trace gas emissions for the period 1890–1990. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2001, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 909–928. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gb001265</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schultz, M. G. Reanalysis of the tropospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years: Final report / M. G. Schultz. – 2007. – 122 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schultz M. G. Reanalysis of the tropospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years: Final report. 2007. 122 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Топливно-энергетический баланс Белорусской ССР: стат. сб. / Центр. стат. упр. при Совете Министров Белорус. ССР. – Минск, 1977. – 247 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuel and energy balance of the Byelorussian SSR: statistical yearbook. Minsk, 1977. 247 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Топливно-энергетический баланс Белорусской ССР: стат. сб. / Центр. стат. упр. Совета Министров Белорус. ССР. – Минск, 1982. – 172 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuel and energy balance of the Byelorussian SSR: statistical yearbook. Minsk, 1982. 172 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Интерактивная информационно-аналитическая система распространения официальной статистической информации [Электронный ресурс] / Нац. стат. комитет Респ. Беларусь. – Режим доступа: https://dataportal.belstat.gov.by/. – Дата доступа: 22.01.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Interactive information and analytical system for dissemination of official statistical information. National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. Available at: https://dataportal.belstat.gov.by/ (accessed 22 January 2022) (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экономическая география Белоруссии / под общ. ред. С. М. Мельничука. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. – Минск, 1982. – 224 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melnichuk S. M., ed. Economic Geography of Belarus. 3rd ed. Minsk, 1982. 224 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EMEP/EEA. 2019. EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019. Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories [Electronic resource] // European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. – 2019. – Mode of access: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-1-energy-industries/view. – Date of access: 02.05.2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EMEP/EEA. 2019. EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019. Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-1-energy-industries/view (accessed 2 May 2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AP-42: Compilation of Air Emissions Factors from Stationary Sources [Electronic resource] // EPA. U. S. Environmental Protection Agenсy. – Mode of access: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors-stationary-sources. – Date of access: 14.03.2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AP-42: Compilation of Air Emissions Factors from Stationary Sources. EPA. U. S. Environmental Protection Agenсy. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-factors-and-quantification/ap-42-compilation-air-emissions-factors-stationary-sources (accessed 14 March 2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
