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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2024-68-6-493-503</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-1226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EARTH SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Химические вещества в пластмассах электрического и электронного оборудования и проблемы вторичного использования отходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chemical substances in plastics of electrical and electronic equipment and waste recycling problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернюк</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyuk</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернюк Владимир Дмитриевич – канд. геогр. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chernyuk Vladimir D. – Ph. D. (Geography), Senior Researcher</p><p>10, F. Skorina Str., 220076, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernyuk.vladimir.m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухарчик</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukharchyk</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кухарчик Тамара Иосифовна – д-р геогр. наук, гл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220076, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kukharchyk Tamara I. – D. Sc. (Geography), Chief Researcher</p><p>10, F. Skorina Str., 220076, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkukharchyk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт природопользования Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>493</fpage><lpage>503</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чернюк В.Д., Кухарчик Т.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чернюк В.Д., Кухарчик Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernyuk V.D., Kukharchyk T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1226">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1226</self-uri><abstract><p>В составе пластмасс электрического и электронного оборудования содержатся различные химические вещества, которые вводятся на этапе их производства с антипиренами, стабилизаторами, красителями и другими добавками для придания необходимых свойств. Среди опасных веществ особую обеспокоенность вызывают полибромдифениловые эфиры (ПБДЭ), которые являются стойкими органическими загрязнителями (СОЗ). Обсуждаются результаты химико-аналитических испытаний отходов пластмасс электрического и электронного оборудования (ЭЭО) и впервые полученные для Беларуси оценки объемов образования отходов, подлежащих экологически безопасному обращению в соответствии с обязательствами по Стокгольмской конвенции о СОЗ. ПБДЭ определялись с использованием газовой хроматографии в бромсодержащих пластмассах (281 проба), бром – с использованием рентгенофлюоресцентной спектрометрии (760 проб). Показано, что бром обнаружен в 37 % случаев, ПБДЭ – в 31 % проб бромсодержащих пластмасс либо в 11,4 % общего их количества. Максимальные концентрации ПБДЭ достигают 12–17 % по массе. По встречаемости ПБДЭ в пластмассах ЭЭО ранжированы следующим образом: мониторы и телевизоры – 15,4 % случаев, крупногабаритная бытовая техника – 14 %, ИТ и телекоммуникационное оборудование – 11,7 %, копировальное оборудование – 6,9 %, мелкогабаритная бытовая техника – 3 %. По состоянию на 2022 г. объем отходов пластмасс ЭЭО, содержащих бромированные антипирены, оценивается в 5,5 тыс. т, из которых около 65 % подлежат экологически безопасному удалению. Более 70 % отходов, содержащих ПБДЭ, представлено пластмассами мониторов и телевизоров. Обсуждаются меры по улучшению системы сбора ЭЭО и необходимость сепарации отходов пластмасс ЭЭО при их вторичной переработке с целью предотвращения рециркуляции опасных веществ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The plastics of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) contain various chemicals that are introduced during production with flame retardants, stabilizers, dyes and other additives to impart the necessary properties. Among the hazardous substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), are of particular concern. The article discusses the results of chemical and analytical tests of EEE plastic waste and the first estimates for Belarus of the volumes of waste generation subject to environmentally sound management in accordance with the obligations of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. PBDEs were determined using gas chromatography in bromine-containing plastics (281 samples), bromine – using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (760 samples). It was shown that bromine was detected in 37 % of cases, PBDEs – in 31 % of samples of bromine-containing plastics or in 11.4 % of their total amount. The maximum concentrations of PBDEs reach 12–17 % by weight. In terms of PBDEs occurrence in EEE plastics, they are ranked as follows: monitors and TVs – 15.4 % of cases, large household appliances – 14 %, IT and telecommunications equipment – 11.7 %, copying equipment – 6.9 %, small household appliances – 3 %. As of 2022, the volume of EEE plastic waste containing brominated flame retardants is estimated at 5.5 thousand tons, of which about 65 % is subject to environmentally sound management. More than 70 % of PBDE-containing waste is represented by monitor and TV plastics. Measures to improve the EEE collection system and the need to separate EEE plastic waste during their recycling in order to prevent the recycling of hazardous substances are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отходы пластмасс</kwd><kwd>полибромдифениловые эфиры</kwd><kwd>стойкие органические загрязнители</kwd><kwd>бромсодержащий пластик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plastic waste</kwd><kwd>polybrominated diphenyl ethers</kwd><kwd>persistent organic pollutants</kwd><kwd>bromine-containing plastic</kwd><kwd>ecological sound management</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Подпрограммы 3 «Обращение со стойкими органическими загрязнителями» Государственной программы «Охрана окружающей среды и устойчивое использование природных ресурсов» на 2021–2025 годы (№ госрегистрации 20211274) и задания Подпрограммы 1 «Природные ресурсы и их рациональное использование» ГПНИ «Природные ресурсы и окружающая среда» на 2021–2025 гг.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has been performed within the framework of Subprogram 3 “Management of persistent organic pollutants” of the State Program “Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources” for 2021–2025 (state registration no. 20211274) and the Task of the Subprogram 1 “Natural resources and their rational use” of the State Program of Scientific Investigations “Natural Resources and Environment” for 2021–2025 (state registra tion no. 20192480).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Global E-waste Monitor 2024 / C. 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