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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2025-69-6-468-476</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-1282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИМИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CHEMISTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тонкая структура функций пространственного распределения атомов кислорода воды по данным квантово-химического расчета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fine structure of spatial distribution functions of water oxygen atoms according to quantum-chemical calculation data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдатов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солдатов Владимир Сергеевич – академик, д-р хим. наук, профессор, гл. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 13, 220072, Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Soldatov Vladimir S. – Academician, Professor, D. Sc. (Chemistry), Chief Researcher</p><p>13, Surganov Str., 220072, Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soldatov@ifoch.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безъязычная</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bezyazychnaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Безъязычная Татьяна Владимировна – канд. физ.-мат. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 13, 220072, Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bezyazychnaya Tatiana V. – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior Researcher</p><p>13, Surganov Str., 220072, Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvant@ifoch.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физико-органической химии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>468</fpage><lpage>476</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Солдатов В.С., Безъязычная Т.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солдатов В.С., Безъязычная Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soldatov V.S., Bezyazychnaya T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1282">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1282</self-uri><abstract><p>Используемые в настоящее время функции радиального распределения (парной корреляции частиц) являются усредненными по времени и пространству величинами и однозначное восстановление по ним величины и строения отдельных молекулярных групп жидкостей невозможно, так как относится к некорректно поставленным задачам. На примере жидкой воды при обычных условиях показано, что ее структура наилучшим образом отображается моментальным пространственным распределением атомов кислорода по расстояниям. Это распределение рассчитывалось из структуры фрагмента кластера воды (Н2О)56 без учета молекул, подверженных действию краевого эффекта. Структура кластера рассчитывалась неэмпирическим квантово-химическим методом в приближении HF LCAO c базисным набором 6-31G. Данные о точном положении каждого атома кислорода нескольких находящихся вблизи центра кластера молекул группировались по расстояниям в соответствии с выбранным шагом интегрирования и использовались для расчета функции радиального распределения g(r) обычным способом. Форма g(r) сильно зависит от шага интегрирования. При минимальном шаге интегрирования 0,1 Å при r &lt; 5,6 Å она имеет 10 пиков, число которых уменьшается до трех при увеличении шага интегрирования до 0,4 Å. При этом диаграмма g(r) приобретает обычный вид, и информация о ее тонкой структуре теряется. Наиболее достоверная и наглядная интерпретация структуры кластеров может быть получена при совместном анализе диаграммы радиального распределения численной плотности частиц и пространственного распределения частиц по расстояниям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The currently used radial distribution functions (pair correlation of particles) are time- and space-averaged quantities, and reconstructing the size and structure of individual molecular groups of liquids from them cannot be solved unambiguously. In the article, using liquid water under normal conditions as an example, it is shown that its structure is best represented by the instantaneous spatial distribution of oxygen atoms over distances. This distribution was calculated from the structure of a water cluster (H2O)56 without taking into account molecules subject to the edge effect. The cluster structure was calculated by the nonempirical quantum chemical method in the HF LCAO approximation with the 6-31G basis set. The data on the exact positions of each oxygen atom of several molecules located near the cluster center were selected as the origin of coordinates for calculating the radial distribution function g(r) in the usual way. The shape of g(r) strongly depends on the integration step. With a minimum integration step of 0,1 Å at r &lt; 5.6 Å, it has 10 peaks, the number of which decreases to three with its increase. In this case, the g(r) diagram acquires a normal form, and information about its fine structure is lost. The most reliable and visual interpretation can be obtained by jointly analyzing the radial distribution diagram of the number density of particles and the spatial distribution of particles by distances.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функция радиального распределения</kwd><kwd>функции пространственного распределения частиц по расстояниям</kwd><kwd>тонкая структура функций радиального распределения О–О воды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>method for calculating radial distribution functions</kwd><kwd>spatial distribution functions by distances</kwd><kwd>fine structure of the radial distribution functions of water</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goharshadi, E. K. A review on the radial distribution function: Insights into molecular structure, intermolecular interactions, and thermodynamic properties / E. K. 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