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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2026-70-2-170-176</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-1307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРАРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRARIAN SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка генетической структуры полесской популяции лошадей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the genetic structure of the Polesskaya horse population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6460-4004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семченко Сергей Владимирович – канд. с.-х. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник</p><p>ул. Фрунзе, 11, 222163, Жодино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semchenko Sergei V. – Ph. D. (Agrarian), Leading Researcher</p><p>11, Frunze Str., 222163, Zhodino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belhorses@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1549-8599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герман</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Herman</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герман Юрий Иванович – канд. с.-х. наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>ул. Фрунзе, 11, 222163, Жодино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Herman Yuriy I. – Ph. D. (Agrarian), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>11, Frunze Str., 222163, Zhodino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belhorses@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1110-7183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудак</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudak</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рудак Анна Николаевна – канд. с.-х. наук, вед. науч.сотрудник</p><p>ул. Фрунзе, 11, 222163, Жодино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rudak Anna N. – Ph. D. (Agrarian), Leading Researcher</p><p>11, Frunze Str., 222163, Zhodino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diana237@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-9830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шейко</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheiko</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шейко Иван Павлович – академик, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, первый заместитель генерального директора</p><p>ул. Фрунзе, 11, 222163, Жодино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sheiko Ivan P. – Academician, D. Sc. (Agrarian), Professor, First Deputy Director Genera</p><p>11, Frunze Str., 222163, Zhodino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belniig@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по животноводству</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семченко С.В., Герман Ю.И., Рудак А.Н., Шейко И.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семченко С.В., Герман Ю.И., Рудак А.Н., Шейко И.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semchenko S.V., Herman Y.I., Rudak A.N., Sheiko I.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1307">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1307</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена оценка генетического разнообразия полесской популяции лошадей на основе мультиплексного генотипирования образцов ДНК по 17 STR-локусам. Изучены показатели количества идентифицированных аллелей (Na), наблюдаемой (Но) и ожидаемой (Не) гетерозиготности, эффективного числа аллелей (уровня полиморфности, Ае), индекса фиксации Fis. Между субпопуляциями полесских лошадей ОАО «Полесская нива» Столинского и КСУП «Городокский» Лунинецкого районов выявлен довольно высокий показатель генетической идентичности (0,91), что указывает на их близкое генетическое родство и наличие общего происхождения. На базе изученных особенностей генетического полиморфизма STR-локусов выявлены редкие и уникальные генотипы, определяющие ценность генофонда для племенного использования и сохранения биоразнообразия. В целом результаты проведенных исследований свидетельствуют о сохранении генетического разнообразия при умеренных проявлениях инбридинга, что является важным фактором для дальнейшей разработки программ по стабилизации резервов пластичности популяции полесских лошадей, разводимых в республике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>As part of the research, an assessment of the genetic diversity of the Polesskaya horse population was carried out based on multiplex genotyping of DNA samples for 17 STR loci. The number of identified alleles (Na), observed (Ho), and expected (He) heterozygosity, the effective allele number (polymorphism level, Ae), and the Fis fixation index were analyzed. A relatively high genetic identity (0.91) was found between the subpopulations of Polesskaya horses of OJSC “Polesskaya Niva” in the Stolin District and the “Gorodoksky” Collective Farming Unitary Enterprise in the Luninets District, indicating their close genetic relationship and common origin. Based on the studied features of STR loci genetic polymorphism, rare and unique genotypes were identified, defining the value of the gene pool for stud breeding and biodiversity conservation. Overall, the results of the conducted studies show the preservation of genetic diversity with moderate manifestations of inbreeding, which is an important factor for the further development of programs to stabilize the reserves of plasticity of the Polesskaya horse population bred in the Republic of Belarus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лошади</kwd><kwd>полесская популяция</kwd><kwd>генофондные породы</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>аллелофонд</kwd><kwd>генотипы</kwd><kwd>STR-локусы</kwd><kwd>генетическая структура</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>horses</kwd><kwd>Polesye population</kwd><kwd>small-numbered breeds</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>allele pool</kwd><kwd>genotypes</kwd><kwd>STR loci</kwd><kwd>genetic structure</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Animal genetic resources for food and agriculture: The second report on the state of the world’s / FAO; ed. by B. 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