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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2026-70-5-383-389</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-1331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ эффективности ДНК-маркеров для видовой идентификации растений рода Береза (Betula)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the efficiency of DNA markers for species identification of plants of the genus Betula</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верчук</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Viarchuk</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Верчук Алексей Николаевич – науч. сотрудник </p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viarchuk Aleksey N. – Researcher </p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.n.verchuk@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кильчевский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kilchevsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кильчевский Александр Владимирович – академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kilchevsky Alexander V. – Academician, D. Sc. (Biology), Professor, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.kilchevsky@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>383</fpage><lpage>389</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Верчук А.Н., Кильчевский А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Верчук А.Н., Кильчевский А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Viarchuk A.N., Kilchevsky A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1331">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/1331</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведена сравнительная оценка разрешающей способности хлоропластных (rbcL, psbA-trnH, matK) и ядерных (ITS1, ITS2) молекулярных маркеров для видовой идентификации представителей рода Betula. Показано, что хлоропластные последовательности характеризуются низкой вариабельностью, причем наихудший результат получен для rbcL. Напротив, маркеры ITS-региона обладают значительно более высокой дифференцирующей способностью. ITS2 продемонстрировал потенциал для определения десяти видов (от 61,7 до 93,1 %), тогда как наилучшие показатели были выявлены для ITS1: наибольшее количество достоверно определяемых видов (5 видов с эффективностью 100 % и 11 – выше 65 %), индекс баркодирования для него достиг максимального среди всех исследованных маркеров значения (6,04), а доля пар с перекрытием внутривидовой и межвидовой изменчивости оказалась наименьшей (26,66 %). Совокупность полученных данных позволяет рассматривать ITS1 в качестве наиболее надежного молекулярного маркера для идентификации видов рода Betula.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative assessment of the resolving power of chloroplast (rbcL, psbA-trnH, matK) and nuclear (ITS1, ITS2) molecular markers for species identification of representatives of the genus Betula was performed. It was shown that chloroplast sequences are characterized by low variability, with the poorest performance obtained for rbcL. In contrast, markers of the ITS region possess significantly higher discriminatory power. ITS2 demonstrated potential for the identification of ten species (ranging from 61.7 to 93.1 %), whereas the best performance was revealed for ITS1: the highest number of reliably identified species (five species with 100 % efficiency and eleven above 65 %), the barcoding index reached its maximum among all markers studied (6.04), and the proportion of overlapping intra- and interspecific variability pairs was the lowest (26.66 %). Taken together, the data support ITS1 as the most reliable molecular marker for identification of species of the genus Betula.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>видовая идентификация</kwd><kwd>род Betula</kwd><kwd>ДНК-штрихкодирование</kwd><kwd>ядерные маркеры</kwd><kwd>хлоропластные маркеры</kwd><kwd>криминалистика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>species identification</kwd><kwd>genus Betula</kwd><kwd>DNA barcoding</kwd><kwd>nuclear markers</kwd><kwd>chloroplast markers</kwd><kwd>forensics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Белорусского республиканского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант № Б22М-068).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (grant no. 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