danДоклады Национальной академии наук БеларусиDoklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus1561-83232524-2431The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8323-2018-62-1-78-85dan-492Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЯBIOLOGYГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ВНУТРИКЛЕТОЧНЫХ СИГНАЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С НЕМЕЛКОКЛЕТОЧНЫМ РАКОМ ЛЕГКОГОGENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL PATHWAYS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCERЩаюкА. Н.ShchayukAnna N.

мл. науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Junior researcher

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

anna.shchayuk@tut.byКрупноваЭ. В.KrupnovaEvelina V.

канд. биол. наук, доцент

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Ph. D. (Biology), Assistant Professor

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

E.Krupnova@igc.byШепетькоМ. Н.ShapetskaMichail N.

канд. мед. наук, доцент

пр. Дзержинского, 83, 220116, Минск

Ph. D. (Medicine), Assistant Professor

83, Dzerzhinsky Ave., 220116, Minsk

shepetjko@gmail.comМихаленкоЕ. П.MikhalenkaAlena P.

канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск 

Ph. D. (Biology), Leading researcher

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

E.Michalenko@igc.byЧеботарёваН. В.ChebotarevaNatalia V.

науч. сотрудник

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Researcher

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

N.Chebotareva@igc.byДедикС. Ю.DedikSergej Y.

мл. науч. сотрудник

пр. Дзержинского, 83, 220116, Минск

Junior researcher

83, Dzerzhinsky Ave., 220116, Minsk

shepetjko@gmail.comКильчевскийА. В.KilchevskyAleksandr V.

академик, д-р биол. наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией

ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск

Academician, D. Sc. (Biology), Professor, Head of the Laboratory

27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk

kilchev@presidium.bas-net.byИнститут генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиInstitute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusБелорусский государственный медицинский университетBelarusian State Medical University2018040320186217885Copyright © Щаюк А.Н., Крупнова Э.В., Шепетько М.Н., Михаленко Е.П., Чеботарёва Н.В., Дедик С.Ю., Кильчевский А.В., 20182018Щаюк А.Н., Крупнова Э.В., Шепетько М.Н., Михаленко Е.П., Чеботарёва Н.В., Дедик С.Ю., Кильчевский А.В.Shchayuk A.N., Krupnova E.V., Shapetska M.N., Mikhalenka A.P., Chebotareva N.V., Dedik S.Y., Kilchevsky A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/492

Ключевым процессом в патогенезе любых злокачественных новообразований, в том числе и немелкоклеточного рака легкого (НМРЛ), является ангиогенез, который активируется двумя тирозинкиназными каскадами (RAS/ RAF/MAPK и PI3K/AKT/mTOR). Основными генами, контролирующими эти пути, являются EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA и PTEN. В исследовании проанализированы мутации в 18–21 экзонах гена EGFR, 2 экзоне гена KRAS, 9 и 20 экзонах гена PIK3CA и 7 экзоне гена PTEN у пациентов с НМРЛ, проживающих на территории Беларуси, и изучена их связь с клиникоморфологическими характеристиками опухоли. Полученные результаты показали, что мутации в гене EGFR достоверно чаще в 5 раз встречаются у пациентов с НМРЛ, чем в контрольной группе. Классические мутации в гене EGFR обнаружены только у пациентов с аденокарциномой легкого, преимущественно у женщин. Мутации гена KRAS встречаются только у мужчин, причем у пациентов с аденокарциномой в 3 раза чаще, чем у пациентов с плоскоклеточным раком легкого. В данном исследовании не выявлено соматических мутаций в генах PIK3CA и PTEN у пациентов с НМРЛ. 

The key process in the pathogenesis of any malignant neoplasms, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the angiogenesis that is activated by two tyrosine kinase cascades (RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR). The main genes controlling these pathways are EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA and PTEN. The study analyzed the mutations in 18–21 exons of the EGFR gene, 2 exons of the KRAS gene, 9 and 20 exons of the PIK3CA gene and 7 exons of the PTEN gene in patients with NSCLC living in Belarus and their relationship with the clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumor. Our results revealed that mutations in the EGFR gene are significantly frequent more than 5 times in patients with non-small cell lung cancer than those in the control group. Classical mutations in the EGFR gene are found only in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, predominantly in women. Mutations of the KRAS gene are found only in men, and in patients with adenocarcinoma it is 3 times more likely than in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma. There are no somatic mutations in the PIK3CA and PTEN genes in patients with NSCLC in this study. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.