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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-4-441-447</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-901</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная оценка влияния хищнического пресса чужеродных видов гаммарид на сообщества макрозообентоса (Представлено академиком М.Е. Никифоровым)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental assessment of the predatory pressure effect of gammarids on the structure of the macrozoobenthic community (Communicated by Academician Mikhail E. Nikiforov)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липинская</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipinskaya</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Липинская Татьяна Петровна - кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, НПЦ НАН Беларуси по биоресурсам.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lipinskaya Tatsiana P. - Ph. D. (Biology), Leading researcher, Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatsiana.lipinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаренко Андрей Игоревич - кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, НПЦ НАН Беларуси по биоресурсам.</p><p>ул. Академическая, 27, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makarenko Andrey I. - Ph. D. (Biology), Researcher, Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources.</p><p>27, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amakarenko198989@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по биоресурсам</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>447</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Липинская Т.П., Макаренко А.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Липинская Т.П., Макаренко А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lipinskaya T.P., Makarenko A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/901">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/901</self-uri><abstract><p>Распространение чужеродных видов и вселение их в новые места обитания нередко приводят к изменению структуры аборигенного сообщества макрозообентоса и одной из причин этого может являться хищное поведение чужеродных видов. Для оценки хищнического пресса были проведены эксперименты на примере 4 из 5 наиболее широко распространенных видов чужеродных гаммарид, которые характеризуются хищническим поведением: Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841), Echinogammarus ischnus (Stebbing, 1898), Obesogammarus crassus (Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus obesus (Sars, 1896). Эксперименты по избирательности питания показали, что D. haemobaphes имеет широкий спектр питания и потребляет 4 из 6 предложенных групп макрозообентоса. В экспериментах с монопищей (водяной ослик) D. haemobaphes характеризовался максимальным значением экологического рациона по сравнению с другими изученными видами. Было показано, что только для D. haemobaphes характерно возрастание величины экологического рациона при увеличении концентрации пищи в эксперименте, тогда как у трех остальных видов гаммарид статистически значимые различия между данными величинами не наблюдались. Обширный спектр питания этого вида может служить объяснением его широкого распространения и высокой численности по сравнению с другими чужеродными видами гаммарид на территории Беларуси.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alien amphipods were found in Belarus in the early 2000s. During long-term observations of the macrozoobenthic community in the rivers, a decrease of native amphipods was revealed in the southern part of Belarus. Several laboratory experiments were conducted to reveal the predatory effects of four alien species (Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841), Echinogammarus ischnus (Stebbing, 1898), Obesogammarus crassus (Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus obesus (Sars, 1896) on some macrozoobenthic groups. D. haemobaphes has a maximum predation rate and a broad food spectrum in comparison with other studied species. The above-mentioned data can be one of the reasons of wide spreading and very abandoned populations of D. haemobaphes in various rivers in Belarus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лабораторный эксперимент</kwd><kwd>питание амфипод</kwd><kwd>хищничество</kwd><kwd>Беларусь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laboratory experiment</kwd><kwd>amphipods feeding</kwd><kwd>predation</kwd><kwd>Belarus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы 24 задания 2.05 ГПНИ «Природопользование и экология», раздел «Биоразнообразие, биоресурсы, экология». Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность члену-корреспонденту В. П. Семенченко (заведующий лабораторией гидробиологии ГНПО «Научно-практический центр НАН Беларуси по биоресурсам») за ценные советы в ходе проведения экспериментов и написания статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted in the frame of Topic 24 of the Government Program “Nature Management and Ecology”, Chapter “Biodiversity, bioresources, ecology”, Task 2.05. We are grateful to Corresponding Member V. P. Semenchenko (Head of the Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus) for valuable advice during the experiments conducting and writing the article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Predicting the ecological impacts of a new freshwater invader: functional responses and prey selectivity of the ‘killer shrimp', Dikerogammarus villosus, compared to the native Gammarus pulex / J. A. Dodd [et al.] // Freshwater Biology. - 2014. -Vol. 59, N 2. - P. 337-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dodd J. A., Dick J. T. A., Alexander M. E., MacNeil C., Dunn A. M., Aldridge D. C. 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