<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-5-632-640</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-923</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНО-ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Землі беларуска-літоўскага памежжа ў Х–ХІІІ стст.: ад Крэва да Кернавы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Belarusian-Lithuanian borderlands of the 10–13th centuries: from Krevа to Kernavė</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзярновiч</surname><given-names>А. I.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dziarnovich</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дернович Олег Иванович - кандидат исторических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник.ул. Академическая, 1, 220072, Минск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dziarnovich Aleh I. - Ph. D. (History), Associate professor, Leading researcher, Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.1, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleh.dziarnovich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Iнстытут гiсторыi Нацыянальнай акадэмii навук Беларусi</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>632</fpage><lpage>640</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дзярновiч А.I., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дзярновiч А.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dziarnovich A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/923">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/923</self-uri><abstract><p>Привычные представления о белорусско-литовском пограничье Х-ХIII стст. довольно схематичны. В общественном сознании население исторической Литвы («Литва в узком смысле») значительно уступало по уровню своего цивилизационного развития соседним Руси и Польше. Но уже в XIII в. из Литвы начались импульсы формирования нового государства в то время, когда весь восточнославянский регион Европы переживал глубокий кризис. В сообщении анализируются результаты новейших археологических и исторических исследований четырех центров белорусско-литовского приграничья X-XIII вв.: Крево, Гольшаны, Кернаве, Вильнюс. Значительное присутствие славянских поселенцев среди балтийского языческого населения Литвы повлияло на существование городских поселений с четкой административной и сакральной функцией в XII-XIV вв. На примере Крево и Кернаве показано устройство районных центров белорусско-литовского пограничья, первый из которых в XIV в. станет доменом Альгерда и Ягайло, а второй - в конце XIII - начале XIV в. - главной резиденцией князя Тройдена и, возможно, Витена. Гольшаны станут вотчиной князей Гольшанских, а город раннего Нового времени (XVI-XVIII вв.), как и в Крево, будет развиваться по принципам урбанизации. Крево, Кернаве и Вильнюс можно назвать сакральными центрами приграничных земель. Эти наблюдения позволяют рассматривать возникновение нового государства -Великого Княжества Литовского как результат влияния славянского этноса на соответствующее развитие политических и экономических интересов литовских элит, а также этнокультурное взаимодействие.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traditional notions on the Belarusian-Lithuanian borderlands and the earlier Lithuania of the 10-13th c. are quite sketchy. In the public consciousness of a population of the historical Lithuania (“Lithuania in the narrow sense”) is significantly inferior in terms of its civilization development of neighboring Rus' and Poland. But already in the 13th century new impulses of state formation began from Lithuania at a time when the entire of the East Slavic region of Europe was in a deep crisis. The article analyzes the results of the latest archaeological and historical research of the four centers of the Belarusian-Lithuanian borderlands and the historical Lithuania in the 10-13th c.: Kreva, Halsany, Kemaй (Kernave), Vilnia (Vilnius). The significant presence of Slavic settlers influenced the existence of urban settlements with a clear administrative and sacred function among the Baltic pagan population of Lithuania in the 12th-14th centuries. On the example of Kreva and Kernave we can see the emergence of regional centers of Lithuania, the first of which is already in the 14th century it will be the domain of Alhierd (Olgierd) and Jagiello, and the second in the late 13th - early 14th centuries it will be the main residence of the Duke Trojdzien and perhaps of Vicien. Halsany become generic possession of the Halsanski princes and early modern town as and Kreva will develop in accordance with the process of urbanization (16-18th cc.). Kreva, Kernave and Vilnius can be described as the sacred center of the Balts. These observations allow us to consider the emergence of a new state, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as a result of the influence of the Slavic ethnos on the corresponding development of political and economic interests of Lithuanian elites, as well as ethno-cultural interaction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>белорусско-литовское пограничье</kwd><kwd>Литва X-XIII вв.</kwd><kwd>Восточная Европа</kwd><kwd>Русь</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd><kwd>этнические общности</kwd><kwd>погребальный обряд</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Belarusian-Lithuanian borderlands</kwd><kwd>Lithuania in the 10-13th centuries</kwd><kwd>Eastern Europe</kwd><kwd>Rus'</kwd><kwd>urbanization</kwd><kwd>ethnic communities</kwd><kwd>funeral rites</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзярновiч, А. I. Заняпад цi трансфармацыя? Эвалюцыя статуса Крэускага замка у XIV-XVII ст. (па вынiках гiстарычна-археалагiчных даследаванняу) / А. I. Дзярновiч // Замкi, палацы i сядзiбы у кантэксце еурапейскай культуры. - Мiнск, 2013. - С. 23-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dziarnovich A. I. Decline or transformation? Evolution of the Kreva Castle status in the 14-17th century (As a result of historical and archaeological research). Zamki, palatsy i syadziby у kantekstse eyrapeiskai kul 'tury [Castles, palaces and estates in the context of European culture]. Minsk, 2013, pp. 23-29 (in Belarusian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dlugossii, Joannis. Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae, liber decimus (1370-1405) / Joannis Dlugossii. -Varsaviae, 1985. - 443 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dlugossii Joannis. Annales seu cronicae incliti Regni Poloniae, liber decimus (1370—1405). Varsaviae, 1985. 443 р. (in Latin).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scriptores rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen der preuBischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergange der Orden-sherrschaft. - Leipzig, 1863. - Bd. 2. - VI, 866 s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scriptores rerum Prussicarum. Die Geschichtsquellen der preufiischen Vorzeit bis zum Untergange der Orden-sherrschaft. Leipzig, 1863. Bd. 2. 866 s. (in German).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзярновiч, А. Крэускi замак i старажытнае Крэва: праблемы датавання i культурныя асаблiвасцi / А. Дзярновiч // Беларус. гiст. часоп. - 2017. - № 1. - С. 5-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dziarnovich A. I. Ancient Kreva and Kreva Castle: the Problems of Dating and Cultural Characteristics. Belaruski gistarychny chasopis = Belarusian Historical Journal, 2017, no. 1, pp. 5-16. (in Belarusian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зверуго, Я. Г. Верхнее Понеманье в IX-XIII вв. / Я. Г. Зверуго. - Минск, 1989. - 208 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zverugo Y. G. Upper Nioman Region in the 9-13th c. Minsk, 1989. 208 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кенько, П. Археологические исследования в Гольшанах в 2010-2013 гг. / П. Кенько // Беларусь праз прызму рэцыянальнай гiсторыi: Ашмяны i Ашмянскi рэгiён. - Мiнск, 2015. - С. 21-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kenko P. Archaeological research in Halsany in 2010-2013. Belarus'prazpryzmu regiyanal'nai gistoryi: Ashmyany i Ashmyanski regien [Belarus through the prism of regional history: Asmiany and Asmiany region]. Minsk, 2015, pp. 21-56 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кенько, П. Археологические исследования в Гольшанах в 2007-2009 гг. / П. Кенько // Ашмяншчына: праблемы рэгiянальнай гiсторыi Беларусi - Мiнск, 2011. - С. 38-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kenko P. Archaeological research in Halsany in 2007-2009. Ashmyanshchyna: prablemy regiyanal'nai gistoryi Belarusi [Asmianscyn: problems of regional history of Belarus]. Minsk, 2011, pp. 38-55 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полное собрание русских летописей. - М., 1980. - Т. 32: Летописи белорусско-литовские. - 235 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The complete collection of Russian chronicles, Vol. 32, Belarusian-Lithuanian chronicles. Moscow, 1980. 235 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atskanu hronika / No vidusaugsvacu valodas atdzejojis Valdis Bisenieks; E. Mugurevica prieksvards; E. Mugurevica, K. Klavina komentari. Vidusaugsvacu un latviesu valoda. - Riga, 1998. - 389 lpp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bisenieks V., Mugurevica E., Klavina K., eds. Atskanu hronika. Riga, 1998. 389 lpp. (in Latvian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vartbergas Hermana Livonijas hronika. Hermanni de Wartberge Chronicon Livoniae / Mugurevics, Evalds (tulk., prieksvarda un kom. aut.). - Riga, 2005. - 334 lpp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mugurevics E., ed. Vartbergas Hermana Livonijas hronika. Hermanni de Wartberge Chronicon Livoniae. Riga, 2005. 334 lpp. (in Latvian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лухтан, А. Кернаве в свете письменных и археологических источников / А. Лухтан // Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли. - Псков, 1985. - С. 49-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchtan A. Kernave in the light of written and archaeological sources. Arkheologiya i istoriya Pskova i Pskovskoi zemli [Archeology and History of Pskov and the Pskov Land]. Pskov, 1985, pp. 49-50 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лухтан, А. Строительство в Кернаве в I и первой половине II тысячелетия н. э. / А. Лухтан, Ю. В. Сазонов // Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли. 1988. - Псков, 1989. - С. 36-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchtan A., Sazonov Y. Construction in Kernave in the first and second half of the second millennium A. D. Arkheo-logiya i istoriya Pskova i Pskovskoi zemli [Archeology and History of Pskov and the Pskov Land]. Pskov, 1989, pp. 36-38 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atrastoji Kernave: Kernaves archeologines vietoves muziejaus katalogas / Sudarytojai Dovile Baltramiejunaite, Justina Poskiene, Gintautas Velius, Rokas Vengalis. - Kernave, 2017. - 240 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baltramiejunaite D., Poskiene J., Velius G., Vengalis R., eds. Atrastoji Kernave: Kernaves archeologines vietoves muziejaus katalogas. Kernave, 2017. 240 p. (in Latvian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velius, G. Kernaves miesto bendruomene XIII-XIV amziuje / G. Velius. - Vilnius, 2005. - 112 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velius G. Kernaves miesto bendruomeneXIII-XIVamziuje. Vilnius, 2005. 112 p. (in Latvian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Велюс, Г. Могильник XIII-XIV вв. в Кернаве (Кривейкишкис): этническая принадлежность погребенных / Г. Велюс // Археология и история Литвы и Северо-Запада России в раннем и позднем средневековье. - Вильнюс, 2013. - Т. 2. - C. 59-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velius G. Burial ground of the 13-14th c. in Kernave (Kriveikiskis): ethnicity of the buried. Arkheologiya i istoriya Litvy i Severo-Zapada Rossii v rannem i pozdnem srednevekov'e [Archeology and History of Lithuania and the North-West of Russia in the early and late Middle Ages]. Vilnius, 2013, vol. 2, pp. 59-79 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лухтан, А. Кярнаве / А. Лухтан // Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли. - Псков, 1988. - С. 66-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchtan A. Kernave. Arkheologiya i istoriya Pskova i Pskovskoi zemli [Archeology and History of Pskov and the Pskov Land]. Pskov, 1988, pp. 66-69 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лухтан, А. К проблеме становления Литовской земли в свете археологических данных / А. Лухтан, В. Ушин-скас // Древности Литвы и Белоруссии. - Вильнюс, 1988. - С. 89-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchtan A., Usinskas V. To the problem of the formation of the Lithuanian land in the light of archaeological data. Drevnosti Litvy i Belorussii [Antiquities of Lithuania and Belarus] . Vilnius, 1988, pp. 89-104 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonaitis, R. Orthodox churches in the Civitas Rutenica area of Vilnius: localization problem / R. Jonaiti // Archaeologia Baltica. - 2011. - Vol. 16. - P. 110-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonaitis R. Orthodox churches in the Civitas Rutenica area of Vilnius: localization problem. Archaeologia Baltica, 2011, vol. 16, p. 110-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonaitis, R. Civitas Rutenica in early Vilnius in the 14th and 15th centuries. The socio-cultural aspect / R. Jonaitis // Archaeologia Baltica. - 2012. - Vol. 18. - P. 256-269.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonaitis R. Civitas Rutenica in early Vilnius in the 14th and 15th centuries. The socio-cultural aspect. Archaeologia Baltica, 2012, vol. 18, p. 256-269.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Йонайтис, Р. Об одном сюжете из истории моды в Литве (по материалам погребений горожанок XIIIXIV вв.) / Р. Йонайтис // Археология и история Пскова и Псковской земли. - Москва; Псков; Санкт-Петербург, 2015. -Вып. 30. - С. 309-316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonaitis R. About one story from the history of fashion in Lithuania (based on materials from the burials of city dwellers of the 13-14th centuries). Arkheologiya i istoriya Pskova i Pskovskoi zemli [Archeology and History of Pskov and the Pskov Land]. Moskow, Pskov, Saint-Petersburg, 2015, vol. 30, pp. 309-316 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
