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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dan</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Доклады Национальной академии наук Беларуси</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8323</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2431</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-8323-2021-65-2-217-223</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">dan-965</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности хирургической тактики в профилактике неудовлетворительных исходов тотального эндопротезирования коленного сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Specific surgical tactics features for the prevention of unsatisfactory total knee arthroplasty outcomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эйсмонт</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eismont</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эйсмонт Олег Леонидович, д-р мед. наук, доцент, заместитель директора</p><p>ул. Кижеватова, 60/4, 220024, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eismont Oleg L., D. Sc. (Medicine), Associate professor, Deputy director</p><p>Kizhevatov Str., 60/4, 220024, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleismont@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр травматологии и ортопедии</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Scientific and Practical Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эйсмонт О.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эйсмонт О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eismont O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/965">https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/965</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования было улучшение результатов лечения пациентов при тотальном эндопротезировании коленного сустава путем обоснования и разработки дифференцированной хирургической тактики оперативного вмешательства. В исследование был включен 151 пациент (212 случаев), которым в ГУ РНПЦТО было выполнено тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава без замещения суставной поверхности надколенника. Пациенты были разделены на две группы: основную группу – 74 пациента (110 случаев) и группу сравнения – 77 пациентов (112 случаев). У пациентов основной группы операция выполнена с использованием разработанной нами тактики установки эндопротеза. В группу сравнения вошли пациенты, у которых применялась традиционная описанная в руководствах оперативная техника. Статистически достоверной разницы между группами не выявлено (p = 0,52). Результаты лечения оценивались в сроки через 3, 6, 12, 24 и более месяцев после операции. При анализе клинического материала использованы шкалы KSS (Knee Society Score) и Kujala. Разработана тактика хирургического вмешательства, заключающаяся в корректной установке бедренного и большеберцового компонентов эндопротеза и капсульно-связочной балансировке пателлофеморального сустава. После установки компонентов эндопротеза выполнялась капсульно-связочная балансировка пателлофеморального сустава в зависимости от расположения надколенника по отношению к блоку бедренного компонента (наклон, подвывих или вывих надколенника). Применялись 5 видов релиза сухожильного растяжения надколенника: релиз латеральной пателлофеморальной связки, мобилизация латерального кожного лоскута от капсулы; релиз по типу «сетка», релиз илиотибиального тракта. Разработанная нами хирургическая тактика операции тотального эндопротезирования коленного сустава позволила получить лучшие ближайшие и отдаленные результаты лечения, чем в группе пациентов, у которых применялась традиционная техника оперативного вмешательства. При установке бедренного и большеберцового компонентов эндопротеза особенно важно учитывать моменты, которые напрямую связаны с биомеханикой пателлофеморального отдела коленного сустава.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The objective of the study was to improve the treatment results of patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by substantiating and developing differentiated surgical tactics. The study included 151 patients (212 cases) who underwent TKA without patella replacement. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group is 74 patients (110 cases) and the comparison group is 77 patients (112 cases). In the main group, surgery was performed by using the developed installing tactics. The comparison group included the patients after the traditional surgical technique described in the manuals. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.52). The treatment results were assessed in 3, 6, 12, 24 months and more after surgery. KSS (Knee Society Score) and Kujala scales were used. The tactics of surgical intervention was developed, consisting of the correct installation of femoral and tibial components and capsular-ligamentous balancing of the patellofemoral joint. After the components implantation, the capsular-ligamentous balancing of the patellofemoral joint was performed depending on the patella position relative to the block of the femoral component (tilt, subluxation or dislocation of the patella). 5 types of patellar tendon extension were used: release of the lateral patellofemoral ligament, mobilization of the lateral skin flap from the capsule, “grid” type release, iliotibial tract release. The developed surgical tactics for TKA allowed us to obtain the better immediate and long-term treatment results than the traditional surgical technique. During the femoral and tibial component implantation, it is especially important to take into account the points that are directly related to the biomechanics of the patellofemoral part of the knee joint.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>пателлофеморальный сустав</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>patellofemoral joint</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багирова, Г. Г. Остеоартроз: эпидемиология, клиника, диагностика, лечение / Г. Г. Багирова, О. Ю. Майко. – М., 2005. – 222 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagirova G. G., Maiko O. U. Osteoarthritis: epidemiology, clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Moscow, 2005. 222 p. 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