danДоклады Национальной академии наук БеларусиDoklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus1561-83232524-2431The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"10.29235/1561-8323-2021-65-2-224-233dan-966Research ArticleНАУКИ О ЗЕМЛЕEARTH SCIENCESСодержание загрязняющих веществ в отходах пластика электротехнических изделий в БеларусиContent of pollutants in waste plastic of electrical equipment in BelarusКухарчикТ. И.KukharchykT. I.

Кухарчик Тамара Иосифовна, д-р геогр. наук, гл. науч. сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220114, Минск

Kukharchyk Tamara I., D. Sc. (Geography), Chief researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

tkukharchyk@gmail.comЧернюкВ. Д.ChernyukV. D.

Чернюк Владимир Дмитриевич, мл. науч. сотрудник

ул. Ф. Скорины, 10, 220114, Минск

Chernyuk Vladimir D., Junior researcher

10, F. Skorina Str., 220114, Minsk

chernyuk.vladimir.m@mail.ruКулаковичВ. П.KulakovichV. P.

Кулакович Виктор Петрович, вед. инженер

ул. Красная, 7Б, 220029, Минск

Kulakovich Viktor P., Lead engineer

7B, Krasnaya Str., 220029, Minsk

bellis.rohs@gmail.comИнститут природопользования Национальной академии наук БеларусиInstitute for Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of BelarusИспытания и сертификация бытовой и промышленной продукции «БЕЛЛИС»BELLIS Testing and Certification of Home Appliances and Industrial Products202108052021652224233Copyright © Кухарчик Т.И., Чернюк В.Д., Кулакович В.П., 20212021Кухарчик Т.И., Чернюк В.Д., Кулакович В.П.Kukharchyk T.I., Chernyuk V.D., Kulakovich V.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://doklady.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/966

Проблема обращения с отходами пластика электронного и электротехнического оборудования (ЭЭО) связана, с одной стороны, с увеличением объемов их образования и требованиями «зеленой» циркуляционной экономики к переработке, с другой – содержащимися в них опасными веществами, включая стойкие органические загрязнители (СОЗ) и тяжелые металлы. В сообщении приведены результаты измерения содержания загрязняющих веществ в пробах пластика ЭЭО, отобранных на предприятиях по их сбору и переработке в Минске. Содержание тяжелых металлов и брома определялось в 40 пробах пластика с использованием рентгенофлюоресцентной спектрометрии, полибромированных дифенилов (ПБД) и полибромдифениловых эфиров (ПБДЭ) – в 19 пробах с использованием газовой хроматографии с массспектрометрическим детектированием. Показано, что содержание свинца зафиксировано в 40 % проб (максимальное значение 259 мг/кг пластика), кадмия – 28 % (22 мг/кг), хрома – 20 % (98 мг/кг); содержание ртути и ПБД оказалось ниже предела чувствительности метода. ПБДЭ содержатся в 7,5 % проб в диапазоне 246–6615 мг/кг. На долю декабромдифенилового эфира, относящегося к стойким органическим загрязнителям, приходится от 89 до 96 % суммы ПБДЭ. Выявлена высокая доля бромсодержащего пластика (48 %), что согласуется с данными для других стран. Обсуждается необходимость развития исследований в Беларуси с расширением перечня анализируемых загрязняющих веществ в составе пластика и разработки нормативной технической базы в отношении обращения с отходами пластика в соответствии с обязательствами по Стокгольмской конвенции о СОЗ.

The problem of management of waste plastic of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) is associated, on the one hand, with the increase in the volume of their formation and the “green” circulation economy requirements for recycling, and, on the other hand, with the hazardous substances contained in them, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. The article presents the measurement results of the content of pollutants in EEE plastic samples taken at the enterprises for their collection and processing in Minsk. The content of heavy metals and bromine was determined in 40 plastic samples using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) – in 19 samples using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. It was shown that the content of lead was recorded in 40 % of samples (the maximum value is 259 mg/kg of plastic), of cadmium – 28 % (22 mg/kg), of chromium – 20 % (98 mg/kg); the content of mercury and PBB was found to be below the detection limit. PBDEs are contained in 7.5 % of samples in the range 246–6615 mg/kg. Decabromodiphenyl ether, a persistent organic pollutant, accounted for 89 to 96 % of the total PBDE. A high proportion of bromine-containing plastic (48 %) was revealed, which is consistent with the data of other countries. The need to carry out research in Belarus with the expansion of a list of analyzed pollutants in waste plastic and to develop the regulatory and technical base in relation to the management of waste plastic in accordance with the obligations of the Stockholm Convention on POPs is discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.