Metagenomic analysis was used to study the structure of prokaryotic communities in soils subjected to long-term technogenic salinization within the impact zone of emissions from JSC Belaruskali. The results demonstrate that bacteria (phyla of the domain Bacteria) constitute the core of the soil microbiome, whereas representatives of the domain Archaea (phyla Thermoproteota and Methanobacteriota) make up a smaller fraction. It was found that bacteria belonging to the classes Actinomycetes, Bacteroidia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria dominate at sites where clay-salt sludge is stockpiled. Photosynthetic prokaryotes of the class Cyanobacteriia were detected directly at the base of the spoil heaps and in the immediate vicinity, while bacteria of the class Bacilli were uniformly present in all samples analyzed. These findings expand our understanding of the functional diversity of soil microbial communities under anthropogenic stress and may serve as a basis for developing biotechnologies for the remediation of saline lands.

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