The Journal was founded in 1957. It is published in Belarusian, Russian, and English languages. During 1957–1991 it was issued under the title Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of BSSR, in 1992–1997 Doklady of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, since 1998 Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.  Before 1992 the periodicity was 12 issues per annum, since 1993 6 issues per annum.

The editorial board is represented by authoritative Belarusian scientists. As a rule, the Head is Chairman of Presidium of NAS of Belarus (since 2014, editor-in-chief is Acad. V.G. Gusakov).