Cytotoxic and photomodifying properties of extracts from the distributed lichens of the South-East of Belarus

The photomodifying and cytotoxic profile obtained for thirty-five extracts isolated from five species of distributed lichens in the South-East of Belarus was analyzed. According to the research results, the extracts were classified as toxic and non-toxic to human keratinocytes (HACaT). The dependence of the quantitative toxicity indicators of extracts on the lichen species, to a lesser extent, on the extraction conditions was revealed. Extracts that reduce the toxic effect of ultraviolet radiation on skin cells and possess photosensitizing properties were revealed. A group of the extracts that revealed the properties of a radiation modifier was identified. The statistical analysis of the factors associated with the modification of the radiation effects by extracts showed the greatest influence on this indicator of the solvents used for extraction. Most of the extracts show both the photoprotective and photosensitizing effects in the extract concentration range from 2.5 to 5 μg/ml. Increasing the concentration to 10 μg/ml, on average, enhances their photosensitizing properties. The statistical analysis confirmed the significant concentration-dependent changes in the photomodifying properties of a number of extracts.

1. Parker F. R. Department of Health and Human Services, US Food and Drug Administration: Authority and Responsibility. FDA Administrative Enforcement Manual. Boca Raton, 2005, ch. 1, pp. 21–60. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420037838-6

2. Serpone N., Dondi D., Albini A. Inorganic and organic UV filters: Their role and efficacy in sunscreens and suncare products. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2007, vol. 360, no. 3, pp. 794–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2005.12.057

3. Bureš F. Fundamental aspects of property tuning in push–pull molecules. RSC Advances, 2014, vol. 4, no. 102, pp. 58826–58851. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11264d

4. Yeager D. G., Lim H. W. What’s New in Photoprotection: A Review of New Concepts and Controversies. Dermatologic Clinics, 2019, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2018.11.003

5. Takshak S., Agrawal S. B. Defense potential of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants under UV-B stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2019, vol. 193, pp. 51–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.002

6. Nybakken L., Solhaug K. A., Bilger W., Gauslaa Y. The lichens Xanthoria elegans and Cetraria islandica maintain a high protection against UV-B radiation in Arctic habitats. Oecologia, 2004, vol. 140, no. 2, pp. 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1583-6

7. Solhaug K. A., Gauslaa Y., Nybakken L., Bilger W. UV‐induction of sun‐screening pigments in lichens. New Phytologist, 2003, vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00708.x

8. Radice M., Manfredini S., Ziosi P., Dissette V., Buso P., Fallacara A., Vertuani S. Herbal extracts, lichens and biomolecules as natural photo-protection alternatives to synthetic UV filters. A systematic review. Fitoterapia, 2016, vol. 114, pp. 144–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.003

9. Rancan F., Rosan S., Boehm K., Fernández E., Hidalgo M. E., Quihot W., Quihot W., Rubio C., Boehm F., Piazena H., Oltmanns U. Protection against UVB irradiation by natural filters extracted from lichens. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2002, vol. 68, no. 2–3, pp. 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1011-1344(02)00362-7

10. Ranković B. Lichen secondary metabolites: bioactive properties and pharmaceutical potential. New York, 2015. 202 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16814-8

11. Khramchankova V. M., Matveyenkau M. V. Cytotoxic activity of extracts from the four lichen species against human cancer cells lines. Zhurnal belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekologiya = Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology, 2018, no. 2, pp. 88–98 (in Russian).

12. Khramchankova V. M., Matveyenkau M. V. Photoprotective activity of extracts from the five lichen species against human keratinocyte (HaCАT). Zhurnal belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekologiya = Journal of the Belarusian State University. Ecology, 2018, no. 4, pp. 52–62 (in Russian).

13. Van Meerloo J., Kaspers G. J. L., Cloos J. Cell sensitivity assays: the MTT assay. Cancer cell culture. Totowa, 2011, ch. 20, pp. 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-080-5_20

14. Mitrović T., Stamenković S., Cvetković V., Tošić S., Stanković M., Radojević I., Stefanović O., Čomić L., Đačić D., Ćurčić M., Marković S. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of five lichen species. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2011, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 5428–5448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12085428